Specifically, it used gender-based violence and domestic violence concept by Ganley. The research used a qualitative method by utilizing the gender studies approach. This research aims to show how domestic violence is portrayed in the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini and how the novel challenges domestic violence through the two main female characters, Mariam and Laila. Set in Afghanistan, a country that still adheres to a patriarchal culture, Khaled Hosseini, in his novel A Thousand Splendid Suns, depicts how the two main female characters, Meriam and Laila, have to face domestic violence in their polygamous marriage with Rasheed. Gender inequality and violence against women are critically discussed by scholars around the world. Using New-Historicism, this paper tries to focus on Khaled Hosseini's documentation of the cultural, social, and political aspects of Afghan history in A Thousand Splendid Suns to show it as a saga of war-torn Afghanistan. The story of the novel undeniably links the volatile events-the violence, horror, anticipation, and faith of the country in intimate terms thus, the novel becomes an epic of the country.

Characterizing them, Hosseini symbolically represents the political upheavals of Afghanistan and Afghan people's innate desire for independence. They challenge the traditional notion of gender role, redefine their human rights, excess the masculine power, and attain strength vigorous than the strength of thousand splendid suns. The novel also describes the story of two women, Mariam and Laila, who face unbounded sufferings in their life and dare to hope for freedom. The novel depicts the saga of pains and struggles of the people of Afghanistan who have been suffering due to several invasions and wars.

Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007) tells the events of Afghan history from the Soviet invasion to the rule of the post-Taliban rebuilding.

Khalid hussain a thousand splendid suns